While migrating to New Zealand in the early 1300s, a significant Polynesian settler population (with animals) is blown south by a freak storm and gets caught in the powerful eastward winds of the roaring forties. They are carried to the Chilean coast of south America. Either unable or unwilling to sail back to familiar lands (a risky proposition without knowledge of islands), and considering Chile an acceptable alternative to New Zealand, the Polynesians settle down and begin cultural and technological exchange with the local Mapuche.
There's suggestive evidence that Easter Islanders visited South America and the Mapuche specifically, with one presumed contact event happening as late as 1370 (involving south american genetic material moving to easter island, though contact was almost definitely Polynesian-initiated). Let's take this at face value and roll with it.
When the Easter Islanders show up around 1370, they recognize the language and culture of the local polynesians, who serve as interpreters and intermediaries with the native americans. Whereas in OTL the islanders linger briefly and then return west (perhaps taking some locals with them), here they begin to travel between Polynesia and the South American coast, encouraging further polynesian migration when living conditions on Easter Island worsen. They explore more of the South American coast, perhaps contacting the Inca Empire before it begins violently expanding into Mapuche lands and finding some mutually beneficial form of trade or technological exchange.
In the early 1500s the Spanish arrive, though their focus is initially on Peru/Mexico compared to Chile. There's still likely to be a big outbreak of epidemics, and the Spanish still have the tech advantage, but in OTL all that happened and the Mapuche still managed to resist colonization to an impressive extent, even destroying many Spanish cities. In this ATL, I imagine the more populous region does even better, right?
I guess my main questions are:
1. How useful would the Polynesian package be for the Mapuche in general? I imagine pigs and chickens are pretty useful generalists to have around, and the Mapuche were willing to adopt new animals from the Spaniards, but a lot of crops are meant for latitudes closer to the equator and might not be as useful?
2. How useful would travel up and down the American coast be? South America had a pretty wide variety of civilizations throughout the 15th century: is there anything meaningful to gain from contact with the Incas and Aztecs, either for the Mapuche-Polynesians or those other civilizations? Tropical crops, at least, seem like they'd be desired by the Incas and Aztecs.
3. Does ongoing contact with South America change anything for the pacific polynesians?
4. Are there any plausible butterflies that further delay Spanish colonization? I thought of Magellan getting sidetracked by Polynesian tales of New Zealand, sailing too far west, and his expedition dying of scurvy, given how poorly organized his pacific crossing was in the first place, but I'm not sure how plausible that'd be in practice.
5. Does all this combined allow for a South American group to resist Spanish colonization to the point of functional independence (as opposed to the weird intermittent war that the Mapuche had going on in OTL). If that's not on the table, can we see a Maori situation where the locals retain high cultural significance?
There's suggestive evidence that Easter Islanders visited South America and the Mapuche specifically, with one presumed contact event happening as late as 1370 (involving south american genetic material moving to easter island, though contact was almost definitely Polynesian-initiated). Let's take this at face value and roll with it.
When the Easter Islanders show up around 1370, they recognize the language and culture of the local polynesians, who serve as interpreters and intermediaries with the native americans. Whereas in OTL the islanders linger briefly and then return west (perhaps taking some locals with them), here they begin to travel between Polynesia and the South American coast, encouraging further polynesian migration when living conditions on Easter Island worsen. They explore more of the South American coast, perhaps contacting the Inca Empire before it begins violently expanding into Mapuche lands and finding some mutually beneficial form of trade or technological exchange.
In the early 1500s the Spanish arrive, though their focus is initially on Peru/Mexico compared to Chile. There's still likely to be a big outbreak of epidemics, and the Spanish still have the tech advantage, but in OTL all that happened and the Mapuche still managed to resist colonization to an impressive extent, even destroying many Spanish cities. In this ATL, I imagine the more populous region does even better, right?
I guess my main questions are:
1. How useful would the Polynesian package be for the Mapuche in general? I imagine pigs and chickens are pretty useful generalists to have around, and the Mapuche were willing to adopt new animals from the Spaniards, but a lot of crops are meant for latitudes closer to the equator and might not be as useful?
2. How useful would travel up and down the American coast be? South America had a pretty wide variety of civilizations throughout the 15th century: is there anything meaningful to gain from contact with the Incas and Aztecs, either for the Mapuche-Polynesians or those other civilizations? Tropical crops, at least, seem like they'd be desired by the Incas and Aztecs.
3. Does ongoing contact with South America change anything for the pacific polynesians?
4. Are there any plausible butterflies that further delay Spanish colonization? I thought of Magellan getting sidetracked by Polynesian tales of New Zealand, sailing too far west, and his expedition dying of scurvy, given how poorly organized his pacific crossing was in the first place, but I'm not sure how plausible that'd be in practice.
5. Does all this combined allow for a South American group to resist Spanish colonization to the point of functional independence (as opposed to the weird intermittent war that the Mapuche had going on in OTL). If that's not on the table, can we see a Maori situation where the locals retain high cultural significance?