Well, good luck telling the Mongols and the other steppe raiders that they owe fealty to the people whose asses they've been kicking for the last thousand years.
There were no creole Chinese communities in Southeast Asia because the Chinese kept assimilating really quick into the local society. There were Chinese enclaves in port cities but that was because their numbers kept getting replenished by new merchants coming from the motherland. To get an...
It would be a diplomatic insult to refer to a monarch as a mere don. In Spanish they would be "Su Majestad" (Your Majesty) or "Alteza" (Highness) same as in English. I believe you can also use "Señor" (Sire), though.
Southeast Asia had low population density until the 19th century. And the Philippine population also decreased immediately after the Spanish conquest, though not as much as in the Americas. It was because isolated highland peoples got connected into the Eurasian disease pool that their lowland...
You're missing a step. The economics article was written by a Harvard professor, presumably in English, and started a debate in orthodox economics. Then 3 years later a Japanese newspaper wrote about the original article. The discussion was very technical and hard to understand but the gist that...
Japan with a weak economy continued to make manga and anime primarily for Japanese audiences. I don't see why a Japan with a strong economy would act any different.
It was mentioned earlier in the thread but not remarked on: the US comics market collapsed in the 1990s and manga took its place, echoing what happened with video games in the 80s. Manga probably would still be brought over in a world with a booming Japan and from there it's not such a big leap...
You'd need a reason for them to bypass Southeast Asia and go all the way to India instead. Southeast Asia already had large Chinese communities ready to take them in. In fact, they probably even already had relatives in Malacca or wherever to help with the transition.
The Thai would find it hard to expand in maritime Southeast Asia since the people there had a lot more experience with naval warfare and had ships armed with cannons and swivel-guns. The money would probably be better spent hiring Malay privateers to raid Japanese shipping or attack the coasts...
The Dutch hired ronin mercenaries to fight for them in Batavia. Not sure what happened to them though, presumably they just moved on to the next contract. There was also a small community of Japanese Christians who escaped to the Philippines after Christianity was banned in Japan. Plus there...