This sets up a very useful tradition that hasthe potential to become a major factor of political stability. God knows that Greece needed (and needs) complete terms and no snap elections when they suit the governing party.Venizelos had made certain to complete the full four years of his term, before new elections would be held, it was actually becoming something of a standard practice by now, the last snap election had been back in March 1915.
First of all, less turkish infrastructure will be beneficial to Greece and the allied war effort in the war to come. One light cruiser and 4 submarines are a drop in the bucket when it comes to the naval war in the Mediterranean. The Axis war effort would have been served better by a railroad to Diyarbakir. This is actually a significant butterfly. Without a railroad, the chrome deposits of Guleman won't be developed, not until a railroad reaches Diyarbakir. That means that the overall turkish chrome ore production will be reduced. Less pre-war income from ore exports and less chrome available for the Axis war effort.That failure had cost him and kept costing him in other ways, recently between approving construction for a new railroad to Diyarbakir and ordering a new light cruiser from Italy and 4 submarines from Germany he had to chose the naval orders to keep the support of Rauf Orbay's faction
To quote from a US trade report:
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Guleman . Until last year , the richest chroni te mine in Turkey was that of Degardi ; but in 1937 , the Eti Bank , especially established by the Turkish Government to exploit mines in Turkey , began intensified work on the chromite deposits at Guleman , some 20 miles from the copper mines of Erzeni . The ore in this mine averages from 48 to 53 percent Cr203 . An aerial cableway connects Gulenan mines with the Ergani - Diyarbekir railway , and the ore is transported by rail to Mersin , The monthly output is estimated at 5,000 tons , and during the first ten months of 1937 , 50,000 tons were exported to Sweden , Germany , and the United States . This mining district is likely to become one of the most important chromite centers in the world .
To quote also from this phd dissertation: https://d-nb.info/994443129/34
Majority of the companies were working in the Bursa region in north-western Turkey. In the district it was reported that the World’s greatest known chrome deposit was discovered. A figure of about 10.000.000 tons of chrome with a content of 50-52% CR2O 3 . The finished ore in the Bursa region was carried by aerial-ropeway to the railway station at Değirmisaz. Production was around 30.000-40.000 tons a year. The Fethiye Company exploited the deposits in the Makri region in south-west of Turkey. Four mines were opened and exploited. Some lump ore 44-48% Cr2O3 was produced but the larger part of the output was in the form of concentrates running 50-52%. The ore and concentrates were transported by a 15 km narrow gauge railway to the sea. Production varied from 50.000 to 80.000 tons a year, but production was decreasing since 1937, owing to bad organization and absence of prospecting and capital. Production figures were 79.000 tons in 1935, 80.000 tons in 1936, 64.000 tons in 1937 and 62.000 tons in 1938.
View attachment 645461The Guleman Company exploited the chrome ore in the Elazığ region in the eastern portion of the country. The deposits were developed and production commenced in 1936. The total probable and possible ore in the reserves in 1938 were stated by Mr. Nicolaus to amount to 2.500.000 tons of which 700.000 tons was developed ore averaging 47-53% CR2O3 with a chrome-iron ratio in excess of 3:1 . The ore was carried to the railway by an 18 km serial – ropeway. Production was limited to the normal carrying capacity of the ropeway which was 200 tons a day although it could be increased by %25 or 75.000 tons a year after allowing for the closing down of the mines during months January and February owing to climate conditions. With fresh capital expenditure on mine and transport equipment the annual production could be raised to 250.000 tons
It seems to me that the turkish chrome ore production in TTL could be significantly lower. Moreover, a huge chunk of the existing production will be in Fethiye, where is is very vulnerable to air attacks from Crete or Cyprus. Not to mention, that they would have first to build a railroad there, because there is no chance the Axis could sneak convoys carrying ore.
The Italians have lost already more material and men in Abyssinia. In OTL they sent a lot of material to Franco (source: A New International History of the Spanish Civil War)It looks like Spain is going to be a worse hell hole for everyone involved, as if OTL wasn't bad enough. That could be good for Greece if Italy continues to suffer high losses in men and equipment, but it could also help Italy sort out some of their own deficiencies - although how much they can, and will actually fix before 1940 is anyone's guess.
If the Italians lose more tanks, then their first concern would be to replace the increased losses, rather than retooling their industry to produce totally different designs. If they decide to retool, then in 1940 instead of having tankettes, they will end up with no armored vehicles at all. My guess would be that the Italian will enter WW2 with somewhat less equipment and without new designs, just due to pressure to replace losses.Italy sent over 70 000 men. 1801 cannon, 1426 mortars. 3436 machine-guns. 157 tanks and 6797 other vehicles. 320 million cartr idges and 7.7 million shells. together
with a total of 759 eircran.' From Germany came some 840 aircraft.' Fourteen thousand Germans had served in Spain. of whom about 300 were killed; 200 tanks were sent. together with thirty anti-tank companies.
A more important loss, both in Abyssinia and in the SCW, would be deaths/ incapacitations of pre-war NCOs. The Italians started the war with woefully few NCOs. If the peacetime army loses more of them, then the overall quality and training of the expanding mobilization army would be even lower than in OTL.
I concur! But it seems to me, that all ethnic and religious groups will have an already established "safe haven": Lebanon for Christians, the Alawite State for Shias, Syria for Sunnis, Kurdistan for Kurds. If violence errupts, I can see population movements towards said states. I think this format has the potential to lead to a much more stable Levant after an initial upheaval.The independence of Syria this early is also a very interesting change from OTL and will have some very interesting effects on the region. Alexandretta looks like its gonna be a major point of contention with Turkey in the upcoming war and Lebanon looks like it'll be a little more Christian ITTL, which could upset the careful balance of power there. Beyond that, I'm not entirely sure what else is going to happen, but it looks like its gonna become a big mess in the near future. Either way, I'm excited to see where this all goes.
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